Discussion paper

DP19055 Non-Transitive Patterns in Long-Term Football Rivalries

The phenomenon of non-transitivity in outcomes, typically observed in non-effort games with predetermined probabilities and immediate clarity, extends to team-based, time-consuming games requiring effort that unfold over a long period of time. This study explores this aspect through an empirical analysis of professional football matches in the Netherlands involving three prominent teams: Feyenoord, Ajax, and PSV. Contrary to conventional expectations, the results reveal a non-transitive pattern over more than three decades, indicating that Feyenoord is more likely to triumph over PSV, PSV over Ajax, and Ajax over Feyenoord than the reverse scenarios.

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Citation

van Ours, J (2024), ‘DP19055 Non-Transitive Patterns in Long-Term Football Rivalries‘, CEPR Discussion Paper No. 19055. CEPR Press, Paris & London. https://cepr.org/publications/dp19055